Clinical signs

· Vomiting

· Haemorrhagic diarrhea

· Abdominal discomfort

Treatment

1. Oxygen supplementation: the patient must be supplied with oxygen immediately. the oxygen source along with the mask must be ready. an anesthesia machine would be ideal.

2. Fluid set-up: crystalloid fluids with the giving sets primed and ready to go

3. X-Ray machine: the machine must be turned on and setup according to the patients size and abdomen

4. Ultrasound and/or Endoscopy: if available, these devices must be set-up immediately along with any anesthesia or sedation equipment

5. Monitoring equipments: equipments to monitor BP, ECG and pulse ox must also be set-up

6. set up surgery for a laparotomy, with plenty pf warm lavaging saline.